Global Hazards And Significant Events
August 2005--the History of Katrina
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov
Hurricane Katrina formed in the southeastern Bahamas as a depression on the
23rd, reaching tropical storm status the next day. Katrina became a hurricane
just before landfall in south Florida between Hallandale Beach and North Miami
Beach on the evening of the 24th. Maximum sustained winds at the time of
landfall were near 130 km/hr (70 knots or 80 mph). There were 11 fatalities in
South Florida, including 4 by falling trees. More than 1.3 million customers
lost electrical services, and preliminary insured losses estimates ranged from
$600 million to $2 billion (USD) in the state of Florida
Katrina emerged in the Gulf of Mexico during the morning of the 25th and
moved west-southwest into open waters of the Gulf while re-strengthening. [b]
By the 27th, Katrina reached category-five intensity[/b] on the Saffir-Simpson
scale. Katrina's minimum central pressure was observed by reconnaissance
aircraft on the afternoon of the 29th at 902 millibars (26.64 inches of
mercury), or the fourth lowest pressure ever recorded from a hurricane in the
Atlantic Basin. The top three include Hurricane Gilbert in 1988, the Labor Day
Hurricane of 1935, and Hurricane Allen in 1980. Katrina made landfall in
Plaquemines Parish in southeastern Louisiana early on the 29th with maximum
sustained winds near 230 km/hr (125 knots or 145 mph), a strong category-four,
and the third most-intense landfalling hurricane in U.S. history (according to
a minimum landfall pressure of 920 millibars or 27.17 inches of mercury).
The center of the hurricane passed just east of New Orleans, where winds
gusted over 155 km/hr (85 knots or 100 mph). Widespread devastation and
unprecedented flooding occurred, submerging at least 80 percent of the city as
levees failed. Farther east, powerful winds and a devastating storm surge of
6.1 to 10 meters (20-30+ feet) raked the Mississippi coastline, including
Gulfport and Biloxi, where Gulf of Mexico floodwaters spread several kilometers
(miles) inland. Rainfall amounts of 10-20 cm (8-10 inches) were common along
and to the east of the storm's path. Katrina weakened to a tropical storm as it
tracked northward through Mississippi and gradually lost its identity as it
moved into the Tennessee Valley on the 30th, dumping heavy rainfall along its
course.
n areas of southeastern Louisiana eastward along the Mississippi and Alabama
coastlines, thousands of houses and buildings were damaged or destroyed and
more than 2.3 million people lost power. Casualty numbers were still incomplete
as of September 1, but fatalities will reach into the hundreds or perhaps
thousands. Flooding in New Orleans was expected to make the city uninhabitable
for months. Preliminary damage estimates are expected to exceed Hurricane
Andrew, which would make Katrina the country's most expensive weather
disaster
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