Religious Groups Get Chunk of AIDS
Money
Yahoo News/AP
January 30, 2006
New groups are springing up to win a piece of President Bush's $15 billion
AIDS program, with traditional players and religious groups joining forces to
improve their chances in a competition that already has targeted nearly a
quarter of its grants for faith-based organizations.
The administration is putting out a call for new community and church groups
to get involved in HIV prevention and care in 15 target countries, most in
sub-Saharan Africa. It is reserving $200 million specifically for groups with
little or no government grant experience.
Groups that have deep local ties in the countries and focus on abstinence
and fidelity — instead of just condoms — are faring well.
"The notion that because people have always received aid money that they'll
get money needs to end," Deputy Global AIDS coordinator Mark Dybul said in a
recent interview with The Associated Press.
"The only way to have sustainable programs is to have programs that are
wholly owned in terms of management personnel at the local level."
Those on the ground in Africa say Bush's 3-year-old effort is reshaping
prevention efforts.
"You have community organizations, some that have operated for decades,
asking for money and you have lots of new organizations popping up," said Sarah
Lucas, a development assistance expert who recently toured four countries on
the U.S. target list for HIV/AIDS grants.
Award recipients so far include a Christian relief organization famous for
its televised appeals to feed hungry children, a well-known Roman Catholic
charity and a group run by the son of evangelist Billy Graham, according to the
State Department.
The outreach to nontraditional AIDS players comes in the midst of a debate
over how best to prevent the spread of HIV. The debate has activated groups on
both ends of the political spectrum and created a vast competition for
money.
Conservative Christian allies of the president are pressing the U.S. foreign
aid agency to give fewer dollars to groups that distribute condoms or work with
prostitutes.
Secular organizations in Africa are raising concerns that new money to
groups without AIDS experience may dilute the impact of Bush's program.
"We clearly recognize that it is very important to work with faith-based
organizations," said Dan Mullins, deputy regional director for southern and
western Africa for CARE, one of the best-known humanitarian organizations.
"But at the same time we don't want to fall into the trap of assuming
faith-based groups are good at everything," he added.
Religious organizations last year accounted for more than 23 percent of all
groups that got HIV/AIDS grants, according to State Department estimates. Some
80 percent of all secular and religious grant recipients were based in the
countries where the aid is targeted.
Among those winning grants were:
_Samaritan's Purse, which is run by Graham's son, Franklin. It says its
mission is "meeting critical needs of victims of war, poverty, famine, disease
and natural disaster while sharing the Good News of Jesus Christ."
_World Vision. The 56-year-old Christian organization is known for its TV
appeals — some with celebrities such as game show host Alex Trebek
— that asked people to support a Third World child.
_Catholic Relief Services. It was awarded $6.2 million to teach abstinence
and fidelity in three countries; $335 million in a consortium providing
antiretroviral treatment; and $9 million to help orphans and children affected
by HIV/AIDs. The group offers "complete and correct information about condoms"
but will not promote, purchase or distribute them, said Carl Stecker, senior
program director for HIV/AIDS.
_HOPE. The global relief organization founded by the International Churches
of Christ recently brought comedian Chris Rock to South Africa for an AIDS
prevention event. AIDS grants support HOPE in several countries.
_World Relief, founded by the National Association of Evangelicals. It won
$9.7 million for abstinence work in four countries.
Most of the money in Bush's initiative goes to treatment programs, earning
the administration praise for delivering lifesaving drugs and care to millions
of HIV-infected patients.
For prevention, Bush embraces the "ABC" strategy: abstinence before
marriage, being faithful to one partner and condoms targeted for high-risk
activity. The Republican-led Congress mandated that one-third of prevention
money be reserved for abstinence and fidelity.
The U.S. government provided more than 560 million condoms abroad last year,
compared with some 350 million in 2001.
Condom promotion to anyone must include abstinence and fidelity messages,
U.S. guidelines say, but those preaching abstinence do not have to provide
condom education.
The abstinence emphasis, say some longtime AIDS volunteers, has led to a
confusing message and added to the stigma of condom use in parts of Africa.
Village volunteers in Swaziland maintain a supply of free condoms but say they
have few takers.
"This drive for abstinence is putting a lot of pressure on girls to get
married earlier," said Dr. Abeja Apunyo, the Uganda representative for
Pathfinder International, a reproductive health nonprofit group based in
Massachusetts.
"For years now we have been trying to tell our daughters that they should
finish their education and train in a profession before they get married.
Otherwise they have few options if they find themselves separated from their
husbands for some reason," Apunyo said.
An AIDS program pastor in Uganda explained his abstinence teaching to
unmarried young people.
"Why give an alternative and have them take a risk?" asked the Rev. Sam
Lawrence Ruteikara of the Anglican Church of Uganda, a U.S. grant recipient.
"This person doesn't have a sexual partner, so why should I report too much,
saying that in case you get a sexual partner, please use a condom. I am saying,
please don't get a sexual partner — don't get involved because it is
risky."
U.S.-backed programs have spread abstinence and faithfulness education to
more than 13 million people in Uganda, according to the State Department.
Officials promote the nation as an "ABC" model, with its HIV infection rate
down by more than half in a decade.
Rep. Chris Smith, R-N.J., said that on a tour of Uganda in January he saw
pro-abstinence rallies and skits praising Bush, and U.S.-supported groups
conducting house-to-house testing, care and counseling.
"The good news about the faith-based groups is not only the passion they
bring to the work, but it is the moral authority and the extended numbers of
volunteers they can mobilize to get the word out," Smith said.
But Smith believes the administration is wrongly supporting some nonprofit
groups. He and several other congressional conservatives wrote to Bush and the
U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID, contending that several
large grant recipients were pro-prostitution, pro-abortion and not committed
enough to abstinence priorities.
The letters followed a briefing last year by Focus on the Family, run by
Christian commentator James Dobson. The group's sexual health analyst, Linda
Klepacki, said even some religious groups emphasize condoms over
abstinence.
"We have to be careful that the president's original intent is being
followed where A and B (abstinence and faithfulness) are the emphasized areas
of the ABC methodology," she said.
Six congressional Democrats, in a letter last week to Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice, accused the conservatives of a distortion campaign that
undermines a balanced approach to fighting AIDS.
"Their attack is based on a narrow, ideological viewpoint that condemns
condoms and frames any attempt to reach out to high-risk populations as an
endorsement of behaviors that these critics oppose," said Rep. Henry Waxman
(news, bio, voting record), D-Calif.
USAID has declined to renew funding for two major AIDS-fighting consortiums,
CORE and IMPACT, headed by organizations the conservatives targeted.
CORE, whose lead partner is CARE, is losing its central source of money,
meaning its work survives only if it can win grants from individual USAID
missions in target countries.
Family Health International, the lead organization of IMPACT, brought
hundreds of local and religious groups into its $441 million project, but was
told the administration wants new partners, said Sheila Mitchell, senior vice
president of FHI's Institute for HIV/AIDS.
Dybul said the changes are in keeping with the shift to local groups. Any
suggestion of political motivation is "inaccurate and offensive to people doing
this work," he said. Millions of grant dollars still go to the groups that were
criticized.
One grant was delayed when Sen. Tom Coburn, R-Okla., complained last year
about renewing $14 million to Population Services International, a leading
nonprofit condom distributor.
The group's bingo-style games that teach Guatemalan prostitutes about safe
sex misused funds "to exploit victims of the sex trade," Coburn said. But Sen.
Larry Craig (news, bio, voting record), R-Idaho, then wrote to praise PSI's
work as "provably effective and efficient."
USAID divided the grant; condom distribution was separated into the smaller
part so that religious groups could apply for the other part. PSI eventually
won the larger grant. The second is outstanding.
Although administration critics frequently cite PSI as a group that fell
from favor under the new initiative, "we have not been eviscerated," said
Stewart Parkinson, a senior program analyst.
The group lost U.S. grants in Uganda and Tanzania but retained others. And
Parkinson said he had no indication of political motivation.
Associated Press reporters Alexandra Zavis in South Africa, Thulani Mthethwa
in Swaziland, Katy Pownall in Uganda and Lewis Mwanangombe in Zambia
contributed to this report
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